Summary

Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase conserved domain

No Pfam abstract.

Literature references

Viguera E, Trelles O, Urdiales JL, Mates JM, Sanchez-Jimenez F; , Trends Biochem Sci 1994;19:318-319.: Mammalian L-amino acid decarboxylases producing 1,4-diamines: analogies among differences. PUBMED:7940675

InterPro entry IPR002129

Pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine or pyridoxal). PLP is a versatile catalyst, acting as a coenzyme in a multitude of reactions, including decarboxylation, deamination and transamination PUBMED:8690703, PUBMED:7748903, PUBMED:15189147. PLP-dependent enzymes are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and amino acid-derived metabolites, but they are also found in the biosynthetic pathways of amino sugars and in the synthesis or catabolism of neurotransmitters; pyridoxal phosphate can also inhibit DNA polymerases and several steroid receptors PUBMED:17109392. Inadequate levels of pyridoxal phosphate in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction, particularly epilepsy PUBMED:16763894.

PLP enzymes exist in their resting state as a Schiff base, the aldehyde group of PLP forming a linkage with the epsilon-amino group of an active site lysine residue on the enzyme. The alpha-amino group of the substrate displaces the lysine epsilon-amino group, in the process forming a new aldimine with the substrate. This aldimine is the common central intermediate for all PLP-catalysed reactions, enzymatic and non-enzymatic PUBMED:15581583.

A number of pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases share regions of sequence similarity, particularly in the vicinity of a conserved lysine residue, which provides the attachment site for the pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP) group PUBMED:8181483, PUBMED:2124279. Among these enzymes are aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (L-dopa decarboxylase or tryptophan decarboxylase), which catalyses the decarboxylation of tryptophan to tryptamine PUBMED:8889823; tyrosine decarboxylase, which converts tyrosine into tyramine; and histidine decarboxylase, which catalyses the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine PUBMED:2300558. These enzymes belong to the group II decarboxylases PUBMED:8181483, PUBMED:8889823.

Clan

This family is a member of clan PLP_aminotran (CL0061), which contains the following 14 members:

Alliinase_C Alum_res Aminotran_1_2 Aminotran_3 Aminotran_5 Beta_elim_lyase Cys_Met_Meta_PP DegT_DnrJ_EryC1 GDC-P OKR_DC_1 Pyridoxal_deC SelA SHMT SLA_LP_auto_ag

Gene Ontology

Molecular function	carboxy-lyase activity (GO:0016831)
Molecular function	pyridoxal phosphate binding (GO:0030170)
Biological process	carboxylic acid metabolic process (GO:0019752)

Internal database links

SCOOP:

Ribosomal_L24e Ribosomal_S24e GbpC

External database links

PANDIT:	PF00282
PRINTS:	PR00800
PROSITE:	PDOC00329
SCOP:	1js3
SYSTERS:	Pyridoxal_deC

Domain organisation

Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...

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Alignments

There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. You can use a sequence viewer to look at either the seed or full alignment for the family, or you can look at a plain text version of the sequence in a variety of different formats. More...

View options

Alignment:	Seed (11) Full (3393) NCBI (4546) Metagenomics (943)
Viewer:

Formatting options

Alignment:	Seed (11) Full (3393)
Format:
Order:	Tree Alphabetical
Sequence:	Inserts lower case All upper case
Gaps:
Download/view:	Download View

Download options

Very large alignments can often cause problems for the formatting tool above. If you find that downloading or viewing a large alignment is problematic, you can also download a gzip-compressed, Stockholm-format file containing the seed or full alignment for this family.

You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.

The main seed and full alignments are generated using sequences from the UniProt sequence database. However, we also generate alignments using sequences from the NCBI sequence database and the "metaseq" metagenomics dataset.

You can view alignments from these two additional datasets using the form above, or you can download alignments of NCBI or metagenomics sequences, as gzip-compressed files.

Pfam alignments:	Seed (11) Full (3393) NCBI (4546) Metagenomics (943)
Full length sequences	Full-sequences (3393)

External links

MyHits provides a collection of tools to handle multiple sequence alignments. For example, one can refine a seed alignment (sequence addition or removal, re-alignment or manual edition) and then search databases for remote homologs using HMMER2.

HMM logo

HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...

Trees

This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed or full alignments.

Note: You can also download the data files for the seed, full, NCBI or metagenomics trees.

Curation and family details

This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.

Curation

Seed source:

Prosite

Previous IDs:

pyridoxal_deC;

Type:

Family

Author:

Finn RD

Number in seed:

11

Number in full:

3393

Average length of the domain:

300.50 aa

Average identity of full alignment:

27 %

Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:

69.07 %

HMM information

HMM build commands:

build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED

search method: hmmsearch -Z 9421015 -E 1000 HMM pfamseq

Model details:

Parameter	Sequence	Domain
Gathering cut-off	19.8	19.8
Trusted cut-off	19.8	19.8
Noise cut-off	19.7	19.7

Model length:

373

Family (HMM) version:

12

Download:

download the raw HMM for this family

Species distribution

Tree controls

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The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...

Species trees

We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.

Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.

If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.

Interactive tree

For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.

We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.

Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.

We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.

You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:

show/hide the summary boxes
highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
save a plain text representation of the tree

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Interactions

There is 1 interaction for this family. More...

Pyridoxal_deC

Structures

For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Pyridoxal_deC domain has been found.

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Family: Pyridoxal_deC (PF00282)

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